C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

一、LibCurl基本编程框架 二、一些基本的函数 三、curl_easy_setopt函数部分选项介绍 四、curl_easy_perform 函数说明（error 状态码） 五、libcurl使用的HTTP消息头 六、获取http应答头信息 七、多线程问题 八、什么时候libcurl无法正常工作 九、关于密码 十、HTTP验证 十一、代码示例 1.基本的http GET/POST操作 获取html网页 网页下载保存实例 进度条实例显示文件下载进度 断点续传实例

struct curl_slist *headers=NULL; /* init to NULL is important */ headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Hey-server-hey: how are you?"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "X-silly-content: yes"); /* pass our list of custom made headers */ curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers); curl_easy_perform(easyhandle); /* transfer http */ curl_slist_free_all(headers); /* free the header list */

对于已经存在的消息头，可以重新设置它的值：

headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept: Agent-007"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Host: munged.host.line");

删除消息头
对于一个已经存在的消息头，设置它的内容为空，libcurl在发送请求时就不会同时提交该消息头：

headers = curl_slist_append(headers,"Accept:");

#include  #include  bool getUrl(char *filename) { CURL *curl; CURLcode res; FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(filename, "w")) == NULL) // 返回结果用文件存储 return false; struct curl_slist *headers = NULL; headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept: Agent-007"); curl = curl_easy_init(); // 初始化 if (curl) { //curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, "10.99.60.201:8080");// 代理 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);// 改协议头 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL,"http://www.baidu.com"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp); //将返回的http头输出到fp指向的文件 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, fp); //将返回的html主体数据输出到fp指向的文件 res = curl_easy_perform(curl); // 执行 if (res != 0) { curl_slist_free_all(headers); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } fclose(fp); return true; } } bool postUrl(char *filename) { CURL *curl; CURLcode res; FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(filename, "w")) == NULL) return false; curl = curl_easy_init(); if (curl) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/tmp/cookie.txt"); // 指定cookie文件 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "&logintype=uid&u=xieyan&psw=xxx86"); // 指定post内容 //curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, "10.99.60.201:8080"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, " http://mail.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/login.cgi "); // 指定url curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } fclose(fp); return true; } int main(void) { getUrl("/tmp/get.html"); postUrl("/tmp/post.html"); }

编译gcc get_post.c -o get_post–lcurl

./ get_post

2获取html网页

#include  #include  #include  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { CURL *curl; //定义CURL类型的指针 CURLcode res; //定义CURLcode类型的变量，保存返回状态码 if(argc!=2) { printf("Usage : file ;\n"); exit(1); } curl = curl_easy_init(); //初始化一个CURL类型的指针 if(curl!=NULL) { //设置curl选项. 其中CURLOPT_URL是让用户指 定url. argv[1]中存放的命令行传进来的**** curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]); //调用curl_easy_perform 执行我们的设置.并进行相关的操作. 在这 里只在屏幕上显示出来. res = curl_easy_perform(curl); //清除curl操作. curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } return 0; }

编译gcc get_http.c -o get_http–lcurl

./ get_http www.baidu.com

3网页下载保存实例

// 采用CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION 实现网页下载保存功能 #include ; #include ; #include ; #include ; #include ; #include ; FILE *fp; //定义FILE类型指针 //这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION而构造的 //完成数据保存功能 size_t write_data(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream) { int written = fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, (FILE *)fp); return written; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { CURL *curl; curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL); curl=curl_easy_init(); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]); if((fp=fopen(argv[2],"w"))==NULL) { curl_easy_cleanup(curl); exit(1); } ////CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION 将后继的动作交给write_data函数处理 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_data); curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); exit(0); }

编译gcc save_http.c -o save_http –lcurl
./ save_httpwww.baidu.com
/tmp/baidu

4进度条实例显示文件下载进度

// 采用CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS， CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION CURLOPT_PROGRESSDATA 实现文件传输进度提示功能 //函数采用了gtk库，故编译时需指定gtk库 //函数启动专门的线程用于显示gtk 进度条bar #include  #include  #include  #include  /* new for v7 */ #include  /* new for v7 */ GtkWidget *Bar; ////这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION而构造的 //完成数据保存功能 size_t my_write_func(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream) { return fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream); } //这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_READFUNCTION而构造的 //数据上传时使用 size_t my_read_func(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream) { return fread(ptr, size, nmemb, stream); } //这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION而构造的 //显示文件传输进度，t代表文件大小，d代表传 输已经完成部分 int my_progress_func(GtkWidget *bar, double t, /* dltotal */ double d, /* dlnow */ double ultotal, double ulnow) { /* printf("%d / %d (%g %%)\n", d, t, d*100.0/t);*/ gdk_threads_enter(); gtk_progress_set_value(GTK_PROGRESS(bar), d*100.0/t); gdk_threads_leave(); return 0; } void *my_thread(void *ptr) { CURL *curl; CURLcode res; FILE *outfile; gchar *url = ptr; curl = curl_easy_init(); if(curl) { outfile = fopen("test.curl", "w"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, outfile); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, my_write_func); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, my_read_func); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, my_progress_func); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROGRESSDATA, Bar); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); fclose(outfile); /* always cleanup */ curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } return NULL; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *Window, *Frame, *Frame2; GtkAdjustment *adj; /* Must initialize libcurl before any threads are started */ curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL); /* Init thread */ g_thread_init(NULL); gtk_init(&argc, &argv); Window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); Frame = gtk_frame_new(NULL); gtk_frame_set_shadow_type(GTK_FRAME(Frame), GTK_SHADOW_OUT); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(Window), Frame); Frame2 = gtk_frame_new(NULL); gtk_frame_set_shadow_type(GTK_FRAME(Frame2), GTK_SHADOW_IN); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(Frame), Frame2); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(Frame2), 5); adj = (GtkAdjustment*)gtk_adjustment_new(0, 0, 100, 0, 0, 0); Bar = gtk_progress_bar_new_with_adjustment(adj); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(Frame2), Bar); gtk_widget_show_all(Window); if (!g_thread_create(&my_thread, argv[1], FALSE, NULL) != 0) g_warning("can't create the thread"); gdk_threads_enter(); gtk_main(); gdk_threads_leave(); return 0; }

编译export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig/
gcc progress.c –o progress ` pkg-config --libs –cflags gtk+-2..0` -lcurl –lgthread-2.0
./ progresshttp://software.sky-union.cn/index.asp

5断点续传实例

//采用CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE 实现文件断点续传功能 #include  #include  #include  #include  //这个函数为CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION参数构造 /* 从http头部获取文件size*/ size_t getcontentlengthfunc(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream) { int r; long len = 0; /* _snscanf() is Win32 specific */ // r = _snscanf(ptr, size * nmemb, "Content-Length: %ld\n", &len); r = sscanf(ptr, "Content-Length: %ld\n", &len); if (r) /* Microsoft: we don't read the specs */ *((long *) stream) = len; return size * nmemb; } /* 保存下载文件 */ size_t wirtefunc(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream) { return fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream); } /*读取上传文件 */ size_t readfunc(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream) { FILE *f = stream; size_t n; if (ferror(f)) return CURL_READFUNC_ABORT; n = fread(ptr, size, nmemb, f) * size; return n; } // 下载 或者上传文件函数 int download(CURL *curlhandle, const char * remotepath, const char * localpath, long timeout, long tries) { FILE *f; curl_off_t local_file_len = -1 ; long filesize =0 ; CURLcode r = CURLE_GOT_NOTHING; int c; struct stat file_info; int use_resume = 0; /* 得到本地文件大小 */ //if(access(localpath,F_OK) ==0) if(stat(localpath, &file_info) == 0) { local_file_len = file_info.st_size; use_resume = 1; } //采用追加方式打开文件，便于实现文件断点续传工作 f = fopen(localpath, "ab+"); if (f == NULL) { perror(NULL); return 0; } //curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_URL, remotepath); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, timeout); // 设置连接超时，单位秒 //设置http 头部处理函数 curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, getcontentlengthfunc); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &filesize); // 设置文件续传的位置给libcurl curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE, use_resume?local_file_len:0); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, f); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, wirtefunc); //curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, readfunc); //curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_READDATA, f); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); r = curl_easy_perform(curlhandle); fclose(f); if (r == CURLE_OK) return 1; else { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", curl_easy_strerror(r)); return 0; } } int main(int c, char **argv) { CURL *curlhandle = NULL; curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL); curlhandle = curl_easy_init(); //download(curlhandle, "ftp://user:pass@host/path/file", "C:\\file", 0, 3); download(curlhandle , "http://software.sky-union.cn/index.asp","/work/index.asp",1,3); curl_easy_cleanup(curlhandle); curl_global_cleanup(); return 0; }

编译gcc resume.c -o resume –lcurl
./ resume